Newspapers Conditions on Irish Immigrants and War and Peace Questions

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3. Using questions in the essay, known as rhetorical questions, allows the writer to make it seem as though he or she is directly talking to the reader. Often, the questions are phrased so that there is an obvious answer. This is done by using ethos and pathos. The writer claims that a strong man not working and a productive yield not put to use are just like hydrogen and oxygen: dangerous when separated but useful and necessary to life when combined. This uses ethos, as it is logically correct. The writes also pleads with the reader to consider why starving people are not allowed and encouraged to plant their own potatoes. This uses pathos, as it is emotionally correct.

1. Kutuzov was not a hero in the European sense since he did what was best for his country and did not try to be the leader of men. Instead of trying to defeat Napoleon in one huge battle, he cautiously retreated and fought a fairly large battle at Borodino. Though he didn’t win the battle, he chose to retreat and let Napoleon suffer the Russian winter. While not personally defeating Napoleon, he was able to drive him out of Russia. He did what the people wanted.

3.
a) In the big picture, Kutuzov was a failure at commanding the Russian army. He lost nearly half his men at the Battle of Borodino and let Moscow be taken. However, he did the best that he could do for his country. He saved lives by retreating and using the scorched-earth policy. His strategic tactics caused Napoleon to leave Russia with only a small fraction of his army.

b) I agree with the latter description because a person can only do the best with what he or she has. If his army couldn’t defeat Napoleon’s, then Kutuzov was right in retreating.

5. Tolstoy initially depicts Kutuzov as a failure at commander, as everyone is angry with him and he has made many mistakes. However, at the end, he is described as a great “hero” be-cause of how he saved Russia. This shift allows the reader to take in both perspectives and feel sorrow for initially characterizing Kutuzov as foolish and inexperienced.