(est. 1907) The Entente Powers (from Triple Entente) were the countries at war with the Central Powers during World War I. The main allies were Russia, France, and Britain.
Central Powers
The Central Powers consisted of the German Empire, the Austrian-Hungarian Empire, and the Ottoman Empire (from the Triple Alliance, 1882). They fought against the Allies in WWI.
Western Front
According to the Schlieffen Plan, the Germans were to attack west and then go east to finish off Russia. Their plan was thwarted leading to a stalemate and eventually defeat on the Western Front
Henry Ford
(1863-1947) The American founder of the Ford Motor Company and father of modern assembly lines used in mass production. His introduction of the Model T automobile revolutionized transportation and American industry.
Jeannette Rankin
(1880-1973) The first woman to be elected to the United States House of Representatives and or Congress. Her nickname was “Lady of the House.” She regularly voted against war (i.e. WWI & WWII).
John Pershing
(1860-1948) He led the American Expeditionary Force (AEF) in WWI and is the only person to be promoted in his own lifetime to the highest rank ever held in the United States Army—General of the Armies.
AEF
(est. 1917) The AEF fought alongside allied forces against the Germans in Aisne Offensive in May 1918, and fought its major action in the Meuse-Argonne Offensive in the fall of 1918. AEF troops were called “Doughboys.”
Trench Warfare
There were heavily defended trench lines with “no man’s land” in between. Both sides experienced many casualties while advancing little. Germany first used chlorine gas at the 2nd Battle of Ypres.
Bolshevik
(est. 1903) The Bolsheviks were a faction of the Marxist RSDLP led by Vladimir Lenin. During the October Revolution phase of the Russian Revolution of 1917, the Bolsheviks came to power and created the Soviet Union.
Dough boys
(etym. 1840s) Doughboy is an outdated slang term for a United States Army infantryman, best known from its use in World War I, although it dates back to the Mexican-American War of 1846-48.
Eddie Rickenbacker
(1890-1973) An American fighter ace of the 94th Aero Pursuit Squadron in World War I and Medal of Honor recipient. He fought 134 air battles and reportedly killed 26 enemy pilots.
Liberty bonds
(WWI) aka Liberty Loans, were war bonds sold during World War I to found the war. They funded two-thirds of the war’s cost but contributed to the federal government’s deficit ($1B in 1914 -> $20B in 1920).
NWLB
(est. 1918) National War Labor Board (NWLB) was an agency created in 1918 by President Woodrow Wilson. Its purpose was to arbitrate disputes between workers and employers.
Alice Paul
(1885-1977) Along with Lucy Burns and others, she led a successful campaign (with Silent Sentinels) for women's suffrage that resulted in the passage of the 19th Amendment in 1920.
Schenck v United States
(1919) A landmark case involving the question of whether Charles Schneck (Secretary of the Socialist party) possessed a First Amendment right to free speech against the draft during WWI. -> “clear and present danger” rule.
“War guilt” clause
(1919) Article 231 of the Treaty of Versailles (1919) that basically states that Germany is fully responsible for “all loss and damage.”
“irreconcilables”
This was a group of 16 Republicans that refused to support any type of League of Nations.
Henry Cabot Lodge
(1850-1924) Lodge and the Reservationists were against the League of Nations. "I have loved but one flag and I can not share that devotion and give affection to the mongrel banner invented for a league."
Article X
(1919) The controversial article of the League of Nations that many Americans felt implied an alliance. Senator Lodge and others in the Senate rallied against it and it was never ratified by the US.
J. Edgar Hoover
(1895-1972) The first Director of the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) (est. 1935) of the United States.
Sacco and Vanzetti
Two Italian-born laborers and anarchists who were tried, convicted and executed on August 23, 1927 in Massachusetts for a murder that they likely did not commit.
Sources:
Wikipedia
library.thinkquest.org/171
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